她一生与凶猛的野狮为伴,最终却死于人类手中
<div id="img-content" class="rich_media_wrp"><div class="rich_media_content js_underline_content defaultNoSetting
" id="js_content" style="visibility: visible; display: block;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">今天是国际妇女节,我们想分享一位了不起的女性的故事。她叫<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊·亚当森</span></strong>(“Joy” Adamson),她养大了一头小狮子并放归野外,这是世界上第一只成功野放并繁殖的母狮子。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.4;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊·亚当森和她的小狮子爱尔莎。她的原名是Friederike Victoria,Joy是第二任丈夫给她起的昵称,亚当森是第三任丈夫的姓氏|《生而自由》</p></section><section style="margin: 50px 0% 30px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;line-height: 0;width: 1.6em;margin-right: -0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-radius: 5px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-color: rgb(166, 133, 41);border-bottom-style: dashed;border-bottom-width: 1px;padding-left: 1em;padding-right: 2px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(166, 133, 41);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们就是她的“狮群” </strong></p></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊·亚当森出生于1910年,她在维也纳长大,拥有音乐学位,还学习了雕塑和医学。为了躲避第二次世界大战,1937年,她前往当时是英国殖民地的肯尼亚,并从此<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">爱上了非洲</span></strong>,留在那里生活。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1944年,她在游猎时认识了乔治·亚当森,和他结了婚。乔治是东非野生动物保护部门的高级监察官,平常的工作是阻止偷猎,并防止野生动物骚扰周边居民。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">一天,乔治在巡查时被一头母狮袭击。出于自保,他开枪杀死了母狮,却发现母狮身上乳汁丰沛——乔治这才意识到,母狮的攻击行为可能只是为了保护自己的幼崽。<span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">果然,</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">他在岩石缝里找到了3只仅两三天大的小狮子,把它们带回了家</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊和七周大的3只小狮子 | 《生而自由》</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">就这样,小狮子成了家中的新成员,乔伊用牛奶混合鱼肝油、葡萄糖、骨粉和盐喂给它们。老大和老二更强壮,被起名为“大个子”(Big One)和“鲁斯提卡” (Lustica);最小的狮子名叫“爱尔莎”(Elsa),体型最弱小却最爱冒险。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">小狮子们逐渐长大,开始了独属于猫科动物的游戏。它们把防潮布当成猎物一样拖来拖去;对乔伊潜行跟踪,从背后扑到她身上,乔伊则会假装没看见,让小狮子得逞,哄它们开心;它们还热衷爬香蕉树,却常常爬得太高不敢下来,等着乔伊去救它们。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">小狮子试图开门 | 《生而自由》</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">但乔伊意识到,他们没法照顾3只飞速长大的狮子。小狮子们6个月大时,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">她把老大和老二送去了荷兰的动物园,留下了爱尔莎</span></strong>——因为她是最小的孩子,在野外最容易被母亲放弃,乔伊最怜爱她,而爱尔莎也最依赖乔伊。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">留下的爱尔莎,成为了乔伊夫妇最亲密的家人。每天晚上,爱尔莎都会抱着乔伊的脖子睡觉,白天则会和乔治一起出门狩猎。乔伊连出门远行都不会落下爱尔莎,允许她趴在最喜欢的越野车顶上——但车的顶棚显然不是为狮子设计的,乔伊夫妇特地另装支架,避免车顶被爱尔莎压垮。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎趴在她的专属座位上乘车旅行 | 《生而自由》</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎绝不允许其他动物或陌生人碰自己的食物,却非常乐意让乔伊拿着自己的猎物。爱尔莎跟着乔治出去钓鱼时,还会把鱼叼回来放在乔治的床上,表示把这个猎物分给乔治。乔伊后来在《生而自由》一书中写道:“<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">我们就是她的‘狮群’</span></strong>,她和我们分享一切。”</p></section><section style="margin: 50px 0% 30px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;line-height: 0;width: 1.6em;margin-right: -0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-radius: 5px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-color: rgb(166, 133, 41);border-bottom-style: dashed;border-bottom-width: 1px;padding-left: 1em;padding-right: 2px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(166, 133, 41);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">用尽所有爱的力量离开她 </strong></p></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">然而,人类始终不是爱尔莎的狮群。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎发情后,经常跑到野外夜不归宿。乔伊想,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">是时候让她回到大自然中去了</span></strong>。但她面临着两个问题:第一,和人类一起长大的爱尔莎,能融入野外的狮群吗?第二,爱尔莎天天吃着她准备好的碎肉,到了野外,她能不能猎食动物养活自己呢?</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎喜欢大海,跟人类亲近,没人知道她能不能回到野外 | 《生而自由》</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊决定,先试着让爱尔莎交朋友。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">一次野外旅行时,乔伊看到了一只年轻的公狮子,就<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">鼓励爱尔莎上去和对方交流,希望能“相亲”成功</span></strong>。爱尔莎发出了低低的呜呜声,但完全不敢从车顶上下来。于是,乔伊和丈夫拖来了一些猎物,想让爱尔莎作为见面礼和公狮子分享,让公狮子对她产生好感。他们还偷偷避开了,让狮子们独处。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">可惜,他们回去时,那里没有公狮子也没有猎物,只有心碎地等待着他们的爱尔莎——在爱尔莎眼里,乔伊夫妇才是她最亲密的伙伴。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎和乔伊同睡一张床 | 《生而自由》</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">那爱尔莎能不能捕猎养活自己呢?乔伊试探性地把爱尔莎留在野外2天,希望饥饿可以激发她的捕食天性,但几次尝试都失败了。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">每次乔伊夫妇去接爱尔莎时,都只能看到这头小狮子饥肠辘辘地在原地守着。爱尔莎一等到他们就跳上车撒娇,大快朵颐人类带来的食物,还会吮吸乔伊的大拇指,确认他们一切都好。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎似乎从未意识到自己是被故意“遗弃”在野外的</span></strong>,这让乔伊心疼得几乎打算放弃野外计划。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎在紧张的时候,会吮吸乔伊的大拇指 | 《生而自由》</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊只好先教爱尔莎捕猎,他们先鼓励爱尔莎跟踪和袭击猎物,然后在恰当的时刻用枪杀死猎物,将爱尔莎和猎物留在野外。这是要让爱尔莎学会<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">保卫猎物</span></strong>——白天防秃鹫,晚上防鬣狗,还要防止其他狮子趁虚而入,对野外的狮子来说,这项技能和捕猎同等重要。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">每次将爱尔莎留在野外“逼”她成长,对乔伊来说也是一次抓心挠肝的历练。她像个对孩子牵肠挂肚的母亲,整夜睡不好,怕爱尔莎饿肚子,还怕她被牛群、象群甚至其他狮子攻击。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎小时候拖防潮布,长大了用一样的姿势拖猎物|《生而自由》</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">好在这些训练都有了回报,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎学会了捕猎,也越来越适应野外的生活</span></strong>。终于到了最终分别的时刻,那一天,爱尔莎和平常一样轻车熟路地跳上越野车顶,以为这是一次普通的野外旅行。望着浑然不觉的爱尔莎,乔伊写道:</p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;align-self: flex-start;flex: 0 0 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240);border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;text-align: justify;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎是这里的一部分。她属于大自然,不属于人类。我们是“人”,我们爱她,她也已经学会了爱我们。她会忘记今天早上之前熟悉的一切吗?当她饿了的时候会去猎食吗?还是会深信不疑地等我们回来,因为到目前为止我们从未让她失望过?</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我吻了她一下,向她保证我的爱,让她有安全感,但这是背叛的吻吗?她怎么知道<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">现在我要用尽所有爱的力量离开她</span></strong></span>,让她回归自然——让她学习独自生活,直到她找到自己的狮群——她真正的狮群?</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 50px 0% 30px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;line-height: 0;width: 1.6em;margin-right: -0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-radius: 5px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-color: rgb(166, 133, 41);border-bottom-style: dashed;border-bottom-width: 1px;padding-left: 1em;padding-right: 2px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(166, 133, 41);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">第一只成功放归野外的母狮 </span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">经过几个月的逐步野化,爱尔莎终于在大自然中过上了野生母狮的生活。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在忙碌的工作间隙,乔伊每过3周就会去野外看望爱尔莎。他们每次都会看到一只又肥又健康的狮子,显然她在野外过得不错,不再需要依靠人类了。乔治写道:“<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">她从各个方面来看都是一头野生的狮子了。</span></strong>”</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">唯一和野生狮子不同的是,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎对乔伊夫妇的感情依旧热烈</span></strong>。听到他们发射的信号弹,她就会在几个小时内赶来营地和他们相聚,喵喵叫着蹭乔伊的膝盖,把尖利的爪子缩起来,然后用130多公斤的身体把乔伊拱翻在地,和她友好地玩闹。短暂的会面后,爱尔莎会回到野外,继续她的自由生活。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎和乔伊夫妇|《生而自由》</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎没有融入某个特定的狮群,但在野外找到了伴侣——一头年轻的公狮子。爱尔莎生下了3个孩子,被乔伊起名为Jespah、Gopa和Little Elsa。爱尔莎带孩子时,乔伊夫妇尽量避免靠得太近,只远远地给它们拍照。就这样,爱尔莎成为了<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">第一只被人类抚养长大后成功放归野外的母狮</span></strong>,也是<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">第一只放归后生下幼崽的狮子</span></strong>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎回到野外,对全世界的动物保护工作来说都是一个重大的里程碑。在这之前,人们一直认为被人类驯养长大的动物没法学会捕猎,也无法被野外的同类族群接受,因此只能一辈子生活在动物园里。但爱尔莎的经历,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">让珍稀野生动物的人工繁育和野外放归成为可能</span></strong>,这种做法开始在世界各地实施,到今天已经相当普遍。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎带着她的三个孩子Jespah、Gopa和Little Elsa | fatheroflions</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">令人惋惜的是,1961年,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎因为感染巴贝斯虫病去世,死时只有5岁</span></strong>。埋葬她后,乔治在她的墓碑上开了20枪,希望爱尔莎的伴侣能听到枪声后不要靠近。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎去世后,她的孩子们开始攻击附近农民的牲畜。乔伊夫妇担心它们被杀害,将它们送往了塞伦盖蒂国家公园。最后,他们失去了这几只小狮子的音讯。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.4;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">艾尔莎的孩子Jespah,他最友善和信任人类,会像妈妈一样坐在越野车上,但他最终很可能被人类杀害 | fatheroflions</p></section><section style="margin: 50px 0% 30px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(8px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;line-height: 0;width: 1.6em;margin-right: -0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-radius: 5px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-color: rgb(166, 133, 41);border-bottom-style: dashed;border-bottom-width: 1px;padding-left: 1em;padding-right: 2px;line-height: 1.2em;color: rgb(166, 133, 41);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">动物生而自由 </strong></p></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">把爱尔莎养大,并把她放归自然,只是乔伊动物保护工作的开始。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎独自生活后,乔伊开始写下她和爱尔莎的故事。她的第一本书<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">《生而自由》</span></strong>引起全球轰动,被翻译成了35种语言。这个故事还被拍成了多部电影和电视剧,其中《生而自由》的同名电影获得了奥斯卡金像奖。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊和艾尔莎的故事总共被写成了3本书,分别是《生而自由》(<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Born Free</em>)、《自由生活》(<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Living Free</em>)和《永远自由》(<em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Forever Free</em>);《生而自由》出版了中文版</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">人类学家德斯蒙德·莫里斯(Desmond Morris)认为,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊的书影响了整整一代人对动物的态度</span></strong>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊用写书的收入作为建立动物保护区的资金,并资助了几个动物保护组织;她还是世界野生动物基金会(World Wildlife Fund)和爱尔莎野生动物协会(Elsa Wild Animal Appeal)的创始人。受到她的影响,《生而自由》同名电视剧的主演弗吉尼亚·麦克纳和丈夫比尔·特拉弗斯建立了生而自由基金会,也一生致力于动物保护工作。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">从左到右:弗吉尼亚·麦克纳(Virginia McKenna),乔治·亚当森,比尔·特拉弗斯(Bill Travers),乔伊·亚当森;弗吉尼亚和比尔在电视剧中扮演了乔伊和乔治夫妇 | fatheroflions</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管享誉国际,乔伊依然选择留在非洲,在最艰苦的环境中继续她的野生动物保护工作。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在她的争取下,几十只原本将被送进动物园的狮子得以在野外生活。她的动物放归试验也仍在继续——她领养了原本作为宠物饲养的猎豹皮芭(Pippa),将她抚养长大并成功放归到野外,再一次证明被圈养长大的动物也能适应野外生活。她和皮芭的故事也被写成了书,再次震撼了世界。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊和猎豹皮芭 | Safari center</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1980年1月3日,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">助手在保护区中发现了乔伊的尸体</span></strong>,原本再过半个月,乔伊就将迎来70岁生日。最初人们都以为乔伊是被狮子咬死的,但警方的尸检发现,她身上的伤口很尖锐,而且没有血迹——这不是动物造成的,更可能是被人用利器所伤。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">最终被捉拿归案的凶手,是乔伊的前雇员,他出于私人恩怨杀死了她。凶手在案发时还未成年,因此逃脱了死刑,在内罗毕监狱被判无期徒刑。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊画的爱尔莎|Joy Adamson / The National Museums Kenya</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">遵照乔伊的遗嘱,她的骨灰被分成两半,一半撒在爱尔莎墓中,另一半撒在皮芭墓中,从此她将永远和她们相伴。颇具讽刺意味的是,<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">乔伊夫妇一生都与看似危险的野生动物为伴,最终却都死于人类的手中</span></strong>——1989年,乔治被偷猎者杀死,当时他正在解救一名遭到盗猎者袭击的游客。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然生命猝然结束,乔伊写的书和创立的组织,却依然延续着她的理念,每年都让数以万计的动物重新回到它们真正的家园。从1960年代到今天,无数致力于反对动物表演、让动物回到栖息地的动物保护工作者们,都坚信着这句话:</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(166, 133, 41);box-sizing: border-box;">动物生而自由。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔莎的墓|fatheroflions</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex;align-items: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="flex: 1 1 auto;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section><section style="flex: 0 1 auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:58.col1" style="padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(205, 204, 204);font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.61;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section><section style="flex: 1 1 auto;height: 1px;transform: matrix(-1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.61;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;text-align: left;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">《生而自由:野生母狮爱尔莎传奇》作者: 乔伊·亚当森;译者: 张雪兰。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Joy_Adamson</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">https://www.safari-center.com/life-of-joy-adamson-in-kenya/</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/22/world/george-adamson-lions-protector-is-shot-dead-by-bandits-in-kenya.html</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">https://www.fatheroflions.org/ElsasCubs_JespahGopaLittleElsa.html</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy_Adamson</p></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(204, 204, 204);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(122, 122, 122, 0.89);box-sizing: border-box;">作者:猫吞</span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(122, 122, 122, 0.89);box-sizing: border-box;">编辑:麦麦</span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(122, 122, 122, 0.89);box-sizing: border-box;">封面图来源:<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 12px;text-align: center;">《生而自由》</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(122, 122, 122, 0.89);box-sizing: border-box;"><br></span></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"><div class="image-zoom-tip"></div></p></section><section style="color: rgba(122, 122, 122, 0.89);font-size: 12px;text-align: right;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文来自物种日历,欢迎转发</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">如需转载请联系sns@guokr.com</p></section></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="10000"></mp-style-type></p></div>
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